Riverine and lacustrine rocky habitats; associated with rocky shores
and structured environments in Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, and the
Upper Shiré River
Geographic distribution:
Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, and the Upper Shiré River
Typical adult size:
Up to about 25 cm total length
Sexual dimorphism:
Males and females are similar in overall appearance; males may grow
slightly larger and show stronger coloration during breeding periods
Recommended aquarium size:
At least 700–720 litres; minimum tank length around 200 cm
Aquarium setup:
Large aquarium with extensive rockwork providing caves and hiding places.
Robust structures are essential, combined with open swimming space.
Sand or fine gravel substrate recommended
Diet:
Specialized scale-eater (lepidophagous); feeds primarily on scales of
other fishes
Breeding:
Maternal mouthbrooder. Spawning is associated with rocky substrates;
females incubate eggs and fry in the mouth.
Aggression:
Highly aggressive and predatory. Aggression is directed toward both
conspecifics and other fish, which are also targeted as food.
Special notes:
A highly specialized lepidophagous cichlid with enlarged canine teeth.
One of the few Lake Malawi cichlids also occurring outside the lake
itself, extending into the Upper Shiré River system.
Not suitable for community aquaria.
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